Description
Description
China has abundant and diversified RE resources. Rare earth elements can be divided into the light RE, medium RE and heavy RE by their atomic weight, physical and chemical properties. Light RE are mainly found in Baotou of Inner Mongolia and Liangshan of Sichuan while the other two categories of RE are found in Ganzhou of Jiangxi and Longyan of Fujian.
According to CRI, driven by low costs of RE mining, such as low labor costs, and less environmental protection cost, Chinese enterprises started large-scale RE mining and export in the 1990s. Exploitation of RE in other countries was ceased as a result. During the recent decade or so, China’s RE deposits are quickly diminishing. China once owned as much as over 70% of RE deposits in the world, but by the end of 2016, the proportion had fallen to 37%.
China implemented the license system of RE export quota from 1998 to 2015. On March 26, 2014, the WTO ruled that China’s export limits on RE violated WTO rules. The Chinese government cancelled export tariffs on RE on May 1, 2015 and the RE export quota system came to an end on January 1, 2016. Before then, smuggling had become the major means of export of quite a few Chinese RE enterprises since they had no access to export quotas. In spite of a number of rectifications, it is difficult to eradicate smuggling.
However, China still sets indicators for the total mining volume of rare earth ores (rare earth oxide – REO). RE mining indicators are published by the State Council for enterprises, targeted at the mining of strategic metals such as rare earth, tungsten and molybdenum. The aim is to ensure the sustainable supply of resources and maintain the supply-demand balance. In 2015, the indicated mining volume of RE ores (rare earth oxide – REO) amounted to a total 105,000 tons and remained unchanged in 2016-2017.
According to CRI, mining and refining of RE are monopolized by six major state-owned enterprises (SOE). Non-SOEs only have access to downstream industries, such as the production and application of RE materials. At present, the annual production capacity of China’s RE extraction enterprises is over 300,000 tons. However, annual global demand is less than 200,000 tons, including 50,000 tons to 60,000 tons on the international market and 100,000 tons on the domestic market. China still dominates the global RE market. In 2016, the actual production of RE in China was more than 150,000 tons. This is higher than the quota because of illegal mining and smuggling, which cannot be stamped out because they are free from taxes.
CRI market research shows that in 2016, the prices of rare earth oxides and metals were lower than that in 2015. The average prices of neodymium oxide, dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide fell by 4% to 15% YOY and that of lanthanum oxide, cerium oxide and yttrium oxide fell by 5% to 30%. With the Chinese government boosting crackdown on illegal RE mining and the adoption of national RE reserves, the prices of RE are expected to pick up.
In terms of demand, downstream RE demand is divided into five major parts: permanent magnet materials, catalytic materials, luminescent materials, polishing materials and hydrogen storage materials. With the rapid development of global high-tech industries, RE will be more extensively used in high-tech fields and consumption of RE new materials will grow rapidly. Wind power, new-energy vehicles, smart phones and wearable electronics and other industries related to RE all have a promising future, promoting the development of the RE industry. For example, in 2016, the global production volume of new-energy vehicles was over 1 million, among which 517,000 were produced in China, up by 51.8% YOY. Rare earth hydrogen storage alloy is mainly used in nickel hydrogen batteries. China and Japan supplies 95% of rare earth hydrogen storage alloy in the world and China produces over 70% of hydrogen storage alloy in the world. A hybrid vehicle consumes 10 kg hydrogen storage alloy. Generally, mixed RE metals account for 30% of hydrogen storage alloy, which means a vehicle consumes 3 kg RE. The electric motor of a hybrid vehicle consumes 1-3 kg NdFeB magnetic materials and an electric vehicle consumes 5-10 kg.
According to the plan of the Chinese government, China would have produced 2 million new-energy vehicles by 2020. If this target is achieved, new-energy vehicles would consume 10,000 tons or even more RE, significantly promoting the development of the RE industry.
Readers can obtain the following or more through this report:
– Supply and Demand of Rare Earth
– Global Trade of Rare Earth
– Government Policies in Rare Earth Industry in China
– Production of Rare Earth in China
– Domestic Demand for Rare Earth in China
– Export of Rare Earth in China
– Illegal Mining and Smuggling of Rare Earth in China
– Price Trend of Rare Earth and Rare Earth Materials in China
-Major Rare Earth Mining and Refining Enterprises in China
– Major Producers of Rare Earth Material in China
– Major Driving Forces and Market Opportunities in Rare Earth Industry in China, 2017-2021
– Favorable and Unfavorable Factors in China Rare Earth Industry, 2017-2021
– Forecast on Supply and Demand of Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
Table of Contents
1 Concepts of Rare Earth Industry
1.1 Definition and Classification of Rare Earth
1.1.1 Definition
1.1.2 Classification of Rare Earth
1.1.3 Applications of Rare Earth
1.2 Distribution and Production Volume of Rare Earth Ores
1.2.1 Global Distribution of Rare Earth
1.2.2 Global Production Capacity of Rare Earth per Year
1.3 Research Methods
1.3.1 Data Sources
1.3.2 Parameters and Assumptions
1.3.3 About CRI
2 Supply and Demand of Rare Earth in China, 2012-2016
2.1 Development of China Rare Earth Industry
2.1.1 History of Rare Earth Production in China
2.1.2 Distribution of Rare Earth Ores in China
2.1.3 Legal Production Volume of Rare Earth in China, 2006-2016
2.1.4 Actual Production Volume of Rare Earth in China
2.1.5 Consumption of Rare Earth in China
2.1.6 Price Trend of Rare Earth in China
2.2 Development Environment of China Rare Earth Industry
2.2.1 Government Policies in Rare Earth Industry
2.2.2 Economic Environment Faced by China Rare Earth Industry
2.3 Global Consumption of Rare Earth
2.3.1 Overview of Global Consumption
2.3.2 Consumption of Rare Earth in China
2.3.3 Consumption of Rare Earth in the U.S.A.
2.3.4 Consumption of Rare Earth in Japan
2.4 Export of China’s Rare Earth
2.4.1 Analysis of Legal Export of Rare Earth in China
2.4.2 Illegal Mining and Smuggling of Rare Earth in China
3 Analysis of Downstream Applications of Rare Earth in China, 2012-2016
3.1 Rare-earth Magnet
3.1.1 Production of Rare-earth Magnet in China
3.1.2 Applications of Rare-earth Magnet
3.2 Rare Earth Luminescent Materials
3.2.1 Production of Rare Earth Luminescent Materials in China
2.2 Applications of Rare Earth Luminescent Materials in China
3.3 Rare Earth Hydrogen Storage Materials
3.4 Rare Earth Polishing Materials
3.5 Rare Earth Catalytic Materials
4 Analysis of Rare Earth Mining and Refining Enterprises in China, 2013-2016
4.1 China Minmetals Corporation
4.1.1 Profile of China Minmetals Corporation
4.1.2 Operation of China Minmetals Corporation
4.1.3 Development Strategies of China Minmetals Corporation
4.2 Aluminum Corporation of China Limited
4.3 Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Union Co., Ltd.
4.4 Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd.
4.5 Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd.
4.6 Guangdong Rare Earth Industry Group Co., Ltd.
5 Major Producers of Rare Earth Material in China, 2015-2017
5.1 JPMF Guangdong Co., Ltd.
5.1.1 Profile of JPMF Guangdong Co., Ltd.
5.1.2 Operation of JPMF Guangdong Co., Ltd.
(Structures of 5.2-5.28 are similar to that of 5.1)
5.2 Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd.
5.3 Guangdong Weihua Corporation
5.4 Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Co., Ltd.
5.5 Yantai Zhenghai Magnetic Material Co., Ltd.
5.6 Innuovo Technology Co., Ltd.
5.7 China Minmetals Rare Earth Co., Ltd.
5.8 Rising Nonferrous Metals Share Co., Ltd.
5.9 Fujian Mindong Electric Power Co., Ltd.
5.10 TDG Holding Co., Ltd.
5.11 Advanced Technology & Materials Co., Ltd.
5.12 Hunan Corun New Energy Co., Ltd.
5.13 Ningbo Yunsheng Co., Ltd.
5.14 Nuode Investment Co., Ltd.
5.15 China Northern Rare Earth High-Tech Co., Ltd.
5.16 Jiangxi Copper Company Limited
5.17 Aluminum Corporation of China Limited
5.18 China Nonferrous Metal Industry’s Foreign Engineering and Construction Co., Ltd.
5.19 Grinm Advanced Materials Co., Ltd.
5.20 Tibet Mineral Development Co., Ltd.
5.21 Pengqi Technology Development Co., Ltd.
5.22 Chengdu Galaxy Magnets Co., Ltd.
5.23 Hengdian Group Dmegc Magnetics Co., Ltd.
5.24 Sinosteel Anhui Tianyuan Technology Co., Ltd.
5.25 Bgrimm Technology Co., Ltd.
5.26 Shenghe Resources Holding Co., Ltd.
5.27 Xiamen Tungsten Co., Ltd.
5.28 Minmetals Development Co., Ltd.
6 Prospect of China Rare Earth Industry, 2017-2021
6.1 Factors Influencing Development of China Rare Earth Industry, 2017-2021
6.1.1 Major Driving Forces and Market Opportunities in China Rare Earth Industry
6.1.2 Threats and Challenges in China Rare Earth Industry
6.2 Forecast on Supply of Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
6.2.1 Forecast on Production Capacity of Rare Earth Refining in China
6.2.2 Prediction on Production Volume of Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
6.2.3 Forecast on Demand for Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
6.2.4 Forecast on Export of Rare Earth from China, 2017-2021
6.3 Forecast on Investment Opportunities in China Rare Earth Industry, 2017-2021
Selected Charts
Chart Deposits of Rare Earth in China, 2006-2016
Chart Production Volume of Rare Earth in China, 2012-2016
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Neodymium Oxide (Nd2O3/TREO 99.0-99.9%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Lanthanum Oxide (La2O3/TREO 99.5-99.9%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Cerium Oxide (CeO2/TREO 99.5-99.5%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Praseodymium Oxide (Pr6O11/TREO 99.0-99.9%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Lanthanum Metal (La/TREM≥99.0%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Praseodymium Metal (Pr/TREM 96.0-99.0%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Neodymium Metal (Nd/TREM 99.0-99.9%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Battery Grade Mixed Rare Earth (TREM≥99.0% Nd/TREM≥15%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Praseodymium, Neodymium, Dysprosium Metals (TREM≥99.0%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Dy-Fe Alloy (Dy80%)
Chart Average Spot Price of Rare Earth in China, 2014-2016: Sintered NdFeB
Chart Major Policies in China Rare Earth Industry, 2008-2017
Chart Legal Export Volume of Rare Earth in China, 2008-2016
Chart Production Volume of New Energy Vehicles in China, 2012-2016
Chart Rare Earth Ore of 6 Major Rare Earth Corporations, 2017
Chart Operation Status of JPMF Guangdong Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Revenue of Rare Earth Materials of JPMF Guangdong Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Operation Status of Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Revenue of Rare Earth Materials of Beijing Zhong Ke San Huan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Operation Status of China Minmetals Rare Earth Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Revenue of Rare Earth Materials of China Minmetals Rare Earth Co., Ltd., 2012-2016
Chart Forecast on Legal and Actual Production Volume of Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
Chart Forecast on Production Volume of New Energy Vehicles in China, 2017-2021
Chart Domestic Demand for Rare Earth in China, 2017-2021
